Interview Dates

12/6 - 12/8/2025

Target Population

National registered voters

Sampling Method

The survey was administered using a non-probability online panel with identity verification protocols. A multi-layered verification protocol incorporating AI-driven fraud detection and device-level digital fingerprinting was deployed to ensure sample integrity. Quota controls were applied during recruitment to ensure representative coverage of age, region, race, gender, and educational attainment within the registered voter population as well as soft targets on self-party identification based on modeled results from historical survey data.

Weighting

The sample was weighted using a multi-level iterative proportional fitting (raking) approach. First-stage weighting adjusted for demographics (age, gender, educational attainment, race), geography (region, area type), and recalled 2024 presidential vote. Second-stage weighting adjusted for party identification and voter political engagement metrics.

Number of respondents

2058

Margin of error

+/- 2.2 % (95% CI)